Quarried material is often processed by means of crushing plant, for the production of aggregate, for example. There are various known forms of crushing plant for the comminution of rock material and the like, one of which is referred to as ajaw crusher.
One conventional jaw crusher consists of a frame having side walls and a pair of jaws, a fixed jaw and a swing jaw, disposed therebetween. The fixed jaw and a swing jaw each have a crushing face, the crushing faces being arranged in a spacedapart relationship to define a crushing chamber for receiving material to be crushed. The swing jaw is movable between a first position in which the crushing face of the swing jaw is inclined to the crushing face of the fixed jaw, and a second positionin which the crushing face of the swing jaw is brought substantially parallel to the crushing face of the fixed jaw, at a predetermined spacing therefrom.
The upper end of the swing jaw is connected to an eccentric shaft, which is located in a rotatable bearing. In use, as the bearing is rotated, the shaft is caused to proscribe a circle, which in turn causes the upper end of the swing jaw toproscribe a circle in the direction of the fixed jaw. Hence, the crushing face of the swing jaw moves in a crush cycle between the first and second positions, up and down, as well as towards and away from the crushing face of the fixed jaw. Movement ofthe swing jaw in this manner causes impelling forces for crushing material present in the crushing chamber.
Typically, a jaw crusher as described above will include a toggle plate located behind the swing jaw, adjacent the lower end of the swing jaw, for supporting the lower end of the swing jaw during the crush cycle. In a known type of jaw crusher,one end of the toggle plate reacts against the rear face of the swing jaw, and the other end of the toggle plate reacts against a cross beam provided behind the swing jaw and extending between the side walls of the jaw crusher frame.
To enable a predetermined maximum product size to be produced during the crush cycle, the spacing between the pair of jaws at their lower ends, i.e. where the crushed material is discharged during the crush cycle, can be adjusted. It is known toinsert or remove shim packs or other adjustment means between the toggle plate and the cross beam, thus reducing or increasing the distance between the lower ends of the two jaws. It will be understood that larger pieces of crushed material are producedusing a greater jaw spacing than would be produced by using a smaller jaw spacing.
If an uncrushable object enters the crushing chamber, during the crushing cycle, substantial forces are generated as the swing jaw acts to complete its cyclic motion against the uncrushable object. The forces generated can make the removal ofthe uncrushable object a dangerous exercise. Moreover, the generation of these forces can cause damage to the jaw crusher. In some cases, the substantial forces generated will cause the toggle plate to yield, which renders the jaw crusher inoperativeuntil the toggle plate is replaced, therefore effecting productivity.
GB812507 describes a jaw crusher substantially as described above which teaches a solution to these problems. In this case, the cross beam is slidably received in the side walls of the jaw crusher frame, whereby the ends of the cross beam extendoutside the walls of the jaw crusher frame. The ends of the cross beam carry bearing blocks and a tie-rod is attached to each bearing block, each of which extend away from the bearing blocks in the direction of the fixed jaw. The other end the tie-rodsare each secured to a crosshead located on the outside of the respective wall of the jaw crusher frame. A pair of pressure cylinders, in parallel, is mounted on either side of the jaw crusher frame, in line with the tie rods and between an associatedcrosshead and bearing block. Each cylinder includes a piston rod which is attached to a respective crosshead.
Under normal operating conditions, the cylinders act to push the crossheads forwards, i.e. in the direction of the fixed jaw, thereby pulling the tie-rods in a direction away from the bearing blocks. Hence, the tie-rods are put in tension, whichbiasses the cross beam in its slidable mounting in the direction of the fixed jaw, to bias the toggle plate against the swing jaw.
When excessive pressure is generated in the crushing chamber, for example when an uncrushable object enters the crushing chamber, forces act to move the swing jaw backwards, i.e. away from the fixed jaw, against the toggle plate, to urge thecross beam to slide backwards in the side walls. This movement acts against the biassing action of the cylinders transmitted through the tie rods and crossheads, as described above, which can cause a further build up of pressure in the crushing chamberleading to an overload situation.
However, both sides of the cylinders are in communication with an hydraulic control system, for providing an hydraulic buffer for the crossbeam and toggle plate against overload during the crushing cycle. In the event of an excessive build up ofpressure during the crush cycle, the control system communicates with the cylinders to allow backwards movement of the cross beam, thus avoiding an inertial yield of the toggle plate.
The arrangement of GB812507 has the disadvantage that, since the tie rods and associated cylinders are outside the walls of the jaw crusher frame, the action of the cylinders puts the cross beam into bending, under normal operating conditions. If excessive pressures are generated during the crush cycle, as described above, the action of the toggle plate against the cross beam causes further bending stresses in the crossbeam, which significantly magnifies the bending effect of the tie rods onthe cross beam. Given the immense bending stresses which are associated with an uncrushable object entering the crushing chamber, this arrangement is not considered to be satisfactorily practical or safe, and does not effectively absorb the magnitude ofthe generated forces.
In addition, the magnitude of the forces involved dictates that the cylinders must, in practice, be of a very large diameter, which increases the offset distance of the line of action of the cylinders from the side walls, thus increasing thebending stresses still further.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,089 describes a jaw crusher which teaches an alternative solution to the problems of known jaw crushers referred to above. In this case, a plurality of parallel hydraulic cylinders are provided between the cross beam andthe toggle plate, in communication with an hydraulic circuit having a pressure relief device. Once a pre-determined pressure is reached in the cylinders, due to an uncrushable object being present in the crushing chamber, for example, hydraulic fluid isreleased from each cylinder via the relief device, which allows the swing jaw to be moved away from the fixed jaw, to enable the uncrushable object to be passed through the chamber.
However, there are problems associated with the jaw crusher of U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,089. For instance, due to the substantial pressures generated in the cylinders during the crushing process, typically from zero to a maximum pressure with everycycle of the swing jaw, seal life within the cylinders can be compromised. Furthermore, hydraulic fluid is compressible to a degree, and therefore crushing efficiency can be compromised, as the cylinders compress the fluid during the crushing cycle, forexample.
According to the present invention, there is provided a jaw crusher comprising a frame having a fixed jaw and a swing jaw, which define a crushing chamber for receiving material to be crushed, the swing jaw being mounted for cyclic movement inthe direction of the fixed jaw; a cross beam adjustably disposed in the transverse axis of the frame; a toggle plate for operative communication between a rear portion of the swing jaw and a first face of the cross beam, characterised in that anhydraulic cylinder arrangement is provided in operative communication with an opposite, second face of the cross beam, and in which, in use, the hydraulic cylinder arrangement is pressurised to a predetermined value to provide an adjustable, pre-loadedreaction against the toggle plate.
Since the cylinders are mounted in the apertures in the walls, the load from the cylinders is transferred directly on to, and in line with, the walls, which greatly reduces the stresses within the crusher frame for any given weight of structure. This enables a substantially compact design of jaw crusher, which has particular advantage for use on a mobile crusher plant. For example, the mobile chassis can be significantly narrower than is conventionally required, thus reducing the weight of theplant and increasing the movability of the plant.
Thursday, March 10, 2011
Jaw crusher toggle beam hydraulic relief and clearing
This invention relates generally to jaw crusher wherein a movable jaw that cooperates with a stationary jaw is rockably fulcrumed on a toggle plate which in turn is fulcrumed on a toggle beam that is adjustable in opposite directions toward and from the stationary jaw.
A jaw crusher of the general type to which this invention relates is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,044, issued Aug. 21, 1979 to Batch. That patent has been assigned to an assignee common with the present invention and discloses a toggle beam and a transversely shiftable wedge at each end of the beam whereby the toggle beam is wedged downwardly into a position in the way slots of the crusher side walls and locked therein.
Another prior art example of this type of jaw crusher is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,013, issued Nov. 8, 1988 to Polzin, and which also has been assigned to an assignee common with the present invention. That patent discloses shims behind a toggle beam which define various positions of its fore and aft adjustment along the way slots and in which the ends of the beam are guided.
Another example of the prior art is shown in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,089, issued May 22, 1990 to Joseph Altmayer. That patent discloses a pair of hydraulic cylinders or rams for controlling the movement of the movable jaw of a rock crusher between a first set position and a retracted position. That patent has means for simultaneously locking hydraulic fluid in first and second supply conduits to hold an extensible ram in a substantially rigid fixed length condition when in the set position during normal crushing operation. The ram 50 is mounted on one end to a non-adjustable fixed point on the main frame and the other end of the ram connects directly to the movable jaw. The length of the ram extension directly determines the location of the movable jaw.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,976,255, issued Aug. 24, 1976, to Edwards discloses a jaw crusher which utilizes a normal operating position between the jaws. The control system used in that patent is a timed action arrangement which utilizes an air/liquid intensifier for controlling liquid pressure within the cylinder by a supply and exhaust of air to and from the unit.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,562, issued Jan. 20, 1987 to Hagiwara et al., discloses hydraulic rams connected to the outlet portion of the breaker plate means and which operate independently of the breaker plate drive means to increase and decrease cyclically and incrementally the spacing between the lower ends of the breaker jaws. Still other examples of the prior art are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,799,888, issued Sep. 1, 1988; U.S. Pat. No. 5,765,769, issued Jun. 16, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,769,334, issued Jun. 23, 1998; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,857,630, issued Jan. 12, 1999.
The present invention provides an eccentric jaw crusher for rock material and the like having a rigidly guided sliding toggle beam and a toggle for being hydraulically urged against the movable jaw to relatively position the movable jaw with respect to a fixed jaw to thereby vary the crusher closed side setting.
More specifically, the present invention provides a parallel hydraulic circuit including one or more double-acting hydraulic rams which provide a reliable overload relief system when tramp iron or other uncrushable material is encountered in the crusher. There is also provided a mechanical fixed stop for the movable jaw to ensure closer control of the closed side setting. With this fixed stop, it is possible to permit the uncrushable object to pass through the crushing chamber, and then the movable jaw is automatically returned to the established closed side setting. The hydraulic circuit provided by the present invention includes direct mounted relief valves, one for each ram, which permit a quick dumping of the oil to vent to a lower pressure area.
The invention thus provides a hydraulically clamping of the toggle beam forward and holding the beam rigid until the clamping force is overcome, for instance, by uncrushable material. A relief force is then transferred from the movable jaw to the toggle and to the toggle beam, to the ram rod and oil in the ram, which will then open the relief valves to dump only enough oil to drop to the preset pressure. A pressure compensated pump supplies makeup oil to restore the ram to its original position.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a crusher of the above type in which the toggle beam can be powered back by hydraulic rams to allow for quick closed side setting changes. The beam can also be powered back to allow for quick crushing chamber clearing of material due to unscheduled stoppage.
The toggle tensioning system provided is accomplished through a hydraulic ram and associated accumulator which is only powered to provide an easily adjustable constant tension force on the toggle and toggle seats. Tension must be maintained to keep the toggle in place between the seats due to the large amount of movement required when the crusher clears an uncrushable object. The movement is greater than a spring will handle effectively.
A jaw crusher of the general type to which this invention relates is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,044, issued Aug. 21, 1979 to Batch. That patent has been assigned to an assignee common with the present invention and discloses a toggle beam and a transversely shiftable wedge at each end of the beam whereby the toggle beam is wedged downwardly into a position in the way slots of the crusher side walls and locked therein.
Another prior art example of this type of jaw crusher is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,013, issued Nov. 8, 1988 to Polzin, and which also has been assigned to an assignee common with the present invention. That patent discloses shims behind a toggle beam which define various positions of its fore and aft adjustment along the way slots and in which the ends of the beam are guided.
Another example of the prior art is shown in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,089, issued May 22, 1990 to Joseph Altmayer. That patent discloses a pair of hydraulic cylinders or rams for controlling the movement of the movable jaw of a rock crusher between a first set position and a retracted position. That patent has means for simultaneously locking hydraulic fluid in first and second supply conduits to hold an extensible ram in a substantially rigid fixed length condition when in the set position during normal crushing operation. The ram 50 is mounted on one end to a non-adjustable fixed point on the main frame and the other end of the ram connects directly to the movable jaw. The length of the ram extension directly determines the location of the movable jaw.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,976,255, issued Aug. 24, 1976, to Edwards discloses a jaw crusher which utilizes a normal operating position between the jaws. The control system used in that patent is a timed action arrangement which utilizes an air/liquid intensifier for controlling liquid pressure within the cylinder by a supply and exhaust of air to and from the unit.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,562, issued Jan. 20, 1987 to Hagiwara et al., discloses hydraulic rams connected to the outlet portion of the breaker plate means and which operate independently of the breaker plate drive means to increase and decrease cyclically and incrementally the spacing between the lower ends of the breaker jaws. Still other examples of the prior art are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,799,888, issued Sep. 1, 1988; U.S. Pat. No. 5,765,769, issued Jun. 16, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,769,334, issued Jun. 23, 1998; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,857,630, issued Jan. 12, 1999.
The present invention provides an eccentric jaw crusher for rock material and the like having a rigidly guided sliding toggle beam and a toggle for being hydraulically urged against the movable jaw to relatively position the movable jaw with respect to a fixed jaw to thereby vary the crusher closed side setting.
More specifically, the present invention provides a parallel hydraulic circuit including one or more double-acting hydraulic rams which provide a reliable overload relief system when tramp iron or other uncrushable material is encountered in the crusher. There is also provided a mechanical fixed stop for the movable jaw to ensure closer control of the closed side setting. With this fixed stop, it is possible to permit the uncrushable object to pass through the crushing chamber, and then the movable jaw is automatically returned to the established closed side setting. The hydraulic circuit provided by the present invention includes direct mounted relief valves, one for each ram, which permit a quick dumping of the oil to vent to a lower pressure area.
The invention thus provides a hydraulically clamping of the toggle beam forward and holding the beam rigid until the clamping force is overcome, for instance, by uncrushable material. A relief force is then transferred from the movable jaw to the toggle and to the toggle beam, to the ram rod and oil in the ram, which will then open the relief valves to dump only enough oil to drop to the preset pressure. A pressure compensated pump supplies makeup oil to restore the ram to its original position.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a crusher of the above type in which the toggle beam can be powered back by hydraulic rams to allow for quick closed side setting changes. The beam can also be powered back to allow for quick crushing chamber clearing of material due to unscheduled stoppage.
The toggle tensioning system provided is accomplished through a hydraulic ram and associated accumulator which is only powered to provide an easily adjustable constant tension force on the toggle and toggle seats. Tension must be maintained to keep the toggle in place between the seats due to the large amount of movement required when the crusher clears an uncrushable object. The movement is greater than a spring will handle effectively.
Device for securing the stationary jaw of a jaw crusher
The present invention relates to jaw crushers for crushing aggregate material and having a stationary crushing jaw and a moveable crushing jaw. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improved device for securing the stationary jaw to the frame of the jaw crusher.
A typical jaw crusher includes a stationary jaw and a moveable jaw spaced to define a crushing chamber in between. Aggregate material is fed into the crushing chamber and is crushed by cooperating corrugations on the face of each of the jaws as the moveable jaw is moved repeatedly toward and away from the stationary jaw.
The jaws experience tremendous forces during operation of the crusher, and it is thus important that the stationary jaw be firmly secured to the crusher frame during operation. For example, due to the angle between the moveable jaw and the stationary jaw, the moveable jaw repeatedly applies a cyclic, upward force against the stationary jaw. Any undesired movement of the stationary jaw leads to excess wear and tear, increased down time, and hence increased operational cost of the crusher. It is thus critical that the stationary jaw be firmly secured against any up and down movement.
The tremendous forces against the jaw faces also causes the jaw faces to wear much faster than the remaining crusher components. Moreover, because of the angle between the stationary jaw and the moveable jaw alluded to above, the bottom portion of the jaw face tends to wear faster than the top portion of the jaw face. Consequently, the face of the stationary jaw is symmetrical, and the stationary jaw is removable, so that jaw can be removed, rotated, and re-installed so that the life of the jaw is effectively doubled. Accordingly, it is important that the jaws be easily attachable and removable from the crusher frame.
The crusher frame typically includes a top cross member and a bottom cross member, while the jaw includes a top lug positioned to overlie the top cross member and bottom lug positioned to underlie the bottom cross member. Traditional practice has been to insert shims between the top lug and the top cross member to draw the jaw upwardly, such that the bottom lug is wedged against the bottom cross member, thus securing the jaw to the frame. The shims were then welded in place.
Unfortunately, the use of shims, which must be sized in discrete sizes, makes it difficult to find the right size shim to exert the desired amount of upward force against the jaw. Moreover, because the shims must be welded in place and then cut away in order to tighten remove, replace, and/or flip the jaw, access must be gained to the middle of the crusher. Gaining such access is often difficult, time consuming, and hence expensive, as other components such as bypass chutes or conveying equipment is often in the way. Moreover, the repeated welding, cutting, and re-welding of the shims often damages the crusher frame.
A device for securing the stationary jaw to the frame of a jaw crusher according to the present invention provides better, more positive securement of the jaw to the frame, faster and easier installation and removal of the stationary jaw, lowers operating costs, and/or prolongs the service life of the stationary jaw.
According to one aspect of the invention, a jaw crusher includes a frame having top and bottom spaced apart cross members, a stationary jaw, and a threaded draw rod having a pair of inwardly moveable wedge members. The stationary jaw includes a top edge, a bottom edge, and a pair of interconnecting sides, and further includes a top lug adjacent the top edge and a bottom lug adjacent the bottom edge. The top lug is adapted for placement adjacent the frame top cross member, and the bottom lug is adapted for placement adjacent the frame bottom cross member. The draw rod is disposed such that the wedge members are positioned to engage the jaw top lug and the frame top cross member. Accordingly, in response to inward movement of the wedge members, the stationary jaw is progressively more firmly secured to the frame, thereby preventing undesired movement of the stationary jaw during operation of the crusher.
In further accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the top and bottom cross members are spaced apart a first distance, and the stationary jaw top and bottom lugs are spaced apart a second distance, with the second distance being slightly greater than the first distance. The draw rod preferably includes a pair of ends and a nut on each draw rod end for moving the wedge members inwardly. The frame may include a pair of opposing sidewalls, each of which may include an access opening, such that the draw rod ends are accessible through the access openings.
Each wedge member may include a bore, with the draw rod extending through each wedge member bore. Each wedge member bore may include an outer threaded portion, with the outer threaded portion being accessible upon the removal of the draw rod and being adapted for connection to a pulling tool. The pulling tool may be used to withdraw each wedge member through its adjacent access opening.
The frame top cross member includes a pair of tapered outer ends, and each wedge member may be also be tapered to complement the taper of the cross member outer ends. Preferably, the top cross member outer ends and the wedge members are tapered at an angle of approximately 8 degrees. The outer end of the top cross member may define a longitudinal track, and each of the wedge members may be adapted to slidably engage the adjacent longitudinal track. Each longitudinal track may be defined in part by a pair of upwardly extending flanges, and each wedge member may include a key sized to be received between the flanges of the adjacent track, such that threaded nuts applied to the opposing ends of the draw rod may draw each wedge member inwardly along the longitudinal track. Preferably, the upwardly facing surface of each top cross member outer end is sloped downwardly toward its adjacent side, so that upon inward movement of the wedge members the wedge members apply an upward force to the jaw top lug, thereby upwardly forcing the jaw bottom lug against the frame bottom cross member.
According to another aspect of the invention, on a jaw crusher having a frame, a stationary jaw and a moveable jaw, a device is provided for securing the stationary jaw to the frame. The device comprises top and bottom spaced apart cross members carried by the frame, with the stationary jaw having a top edge having a top lug, a bottom edge having a bottom lug, and a pair of interconnecting sides. The top and bottom lugs are adapted to engage the top and bottom cross members. A transversely oriented securement mechanism is provided which engages one of the stationary jaw lugs and an adjacent one of the frame cross members. The securement mechanism is adapted to apply a progressively greater upward force to the stationary jaw, thereby firmly securing the stationary jaw to the frame.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, on a jaw crusher having a frame, a pair of jaw members, and a crushing chamber defined between the pair of jaw members, a device for securing one of the jaw members to the frame comprises a pair spaced apart cross members mounted to the frame and extending between opposing sides thereof, with the cross members being spaced apart by a first distance. The one jaw member includes a top edge having a top mounting lug and a bottom edge having a bottom mounting lug, with the top mounting lug and the bottom mounting lug being spaced apart by a second distance greater than the first distance to thereby define a gap between one of the mounting lugs and an adjacent one of the cross members. A draw rod having a pair of wedge members is provided and is disposed such that the wedge members are positioned in the gap so as to engage the one jaw mounting lug and the adjacent one frame cross member. An actuating member is mounted to the draw rod adjacent each of the wedge members, with each actuating member being adapted for inward movement along the draw rod to thereby apply an inward force on the adjacent wedge member. Accordingly, upon inward movement of the wedge members the stationary jaw is wedged tightly against the frame.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for securing a jaw member having top and bottom mounting lugs to the frame of a jaw crusher comprises the steps of providing a pair of frame members, one of the frame members having a pair of tapered outer ends, positioning each jaw member mounting lug generally adjacent to a corresponding one of the frame members, positioning a threaded jaw rod having a pair of inwardly moveable wedge members between the one frame member and its adjacent mounting lug, and drawing the wedge members inwardly to so that a force is applied to the jaw member, thereby drawing the jaw member into firm contact with the frame.
A typical jaw crusher includes a stationary jaw and a moveable jaw spaced to define a crushing chamber in between. Aggregate material is fed into the crushing chamber and is crushed by cooperating corrugations on the face of each of the jaws as the moveable jaw is moved repeatedly toward and away from the stationary jaw.
The jaws experience tremendous forces during operation of the crusher, and it is thus important that the stationary jaw be firmly secured to the crusher frame during operation. For example, due to the angle between the moveable jaw and the stationary jaw, the moveable jaw repeatedly applies a cyclic, upward force against the stationary jaw. Any undesired movement of the stationary jaw leads to excess wear and tear, increased down time, and hence increased operational cost of the crusher. It is thus critical that the stationary jaw be firmly secured against any up and down movement.
The tremendous forces against the jaw faces also causes the jaw faces to wear much faster than the remaining crusher components. Moreover, because of the angle between the stationary jaw and the moveable jaw alluded to above, the bottom portion of the jaw face tends to wear faster than the top portion of the jaw face. Consequently, the face of the stationary jaw is symmetrical, and the stationary jaw is removable, so that jaw can be removed, rotated, and re-installed so that the life of the jaw is effectively doubled. Accordingly, it is important that the jaws be easily attachable and removable from the crusher frame.
The crusher frame typically includes a top cross member and a bottom cross member, while the jaw includes a top lug positioned to overlie the top cross member and bottom lug positioned to underlie the bottom cross member. Traditional practice has been to insert shims between the top lug and the top cross member to draw the jaw upwardly, such that the bottom lug is wedged against the bottom cross member, thus securing the jaw to the frame. The shims were then welded in place.
Unfortunately, the use of shims, which must be sized in discrete sizes, makes it difficult to find the right size shim to exert the desired amount of upward force against the jaw. Moreover, because the shims must be welded in place and then cut away in order to tighten remove, replace, and/or flip the jaw, access must be gained to the middle of the crusher. Gaining such access is often difficult, time consuming, and hence expensive, as other components such as bypass chutes or conveying equipment is often in the way. Moreover, the repeated welding, cutting, and re-welding of the shims often damages the crusher frame.
A device for securing the stationary jaw to the frame of a jaw crusher according to the present invention provides better, more positive securement of the jaw to the frame, faster and easier installation and removal of the stationary jaw, lowers operating costs, and/or prolongs the service life of the stationary jaw.
According to one aspect of the invention, a jaw crusher includes a frame having top and bottom spaced apart cross members, a stationary jaw, and a threaded draw rod having a pair of inwardly moveable wedge members. The stationary jaw includes a top edge, a bottom edge, and a pair of interconnecting sides, and further includes a top lug adjacent the top edge and a bottom lug adjacent the bottom edge. The top lug is adapted for placement adjacent the frame top cross member, and the bottom lug is adapted for placement adjacent the frame bottom cross member. The draw rod is disposed such that the wedge members are positioned to engage the jaw top lug and the frame top cross member. Accordingly, in response to inward movement of the wedge members, the stationary jaw is progressively more firmly secured to the frame, thereby preventing undesired movement of the stationary jaw during operation of the crusher.
In further accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the top and bottom cross members are spaced apart a first distance, and the stationary jaw top and bottom lugs are spaced apart a second distance, with the second distance being slightly greater than the first distance. The draw rod preferably includes a pair of ends and a nut on each draw rod end for moving the wedge members inwardly. The frame may include a pair of opposing sidewalls, each of which may include an access opening, such that the draw rod ends are accessible through the access openings.
Each wedge member may include a bore, with the draw rod extending through each wedge member bore. Each wedge member bore may include an outer threaded portion, with the outer threaded portion being accessible upon the removal of the draw rod and being adapted for connection to a pulling tool. The pulling tool may be used to withdraw each wedge member through its adjacent access opening.
The frame top cross member includes a pair of tapered outer ends, and each wedge member may be also be tapered to complement the taper of the cross member outer ends. Preferably, the top cross member outer ends and the wedge members are tapered at an angle of approximately 8 degrees. The outer end of the top cross member may define a longitudinal track, and each of the wedge members may be adapted to slidably engage the adjacent longitudinal track. Each longitudinal track may be defined in part by a pair of upwardly extending flanges, and each wedge member may include a key sized to be received between the flanges of the adjacent track, such that threaded nuts applied to the opposing ends of the draw rod may draw each wedge member inwardly along the longitudinal track. Preferably, the upwardly facing surface of each top cross member outer end is sloped downwardly toward its adjacent side, so that upon inward movement of the wedge members the wedge members apply an upward force to the jaw top lug, thereby upwardly forcing the jaw bottom lug against the frame bottom cross member.
According to another aspect of the invention, on a jaw crusher having a frame, a stationary jaw and a moveable jaw, a device is provided for securing the stationary jaw to the frame. The device comprises top and bottom spaced apart cross members carried by the frame, with the stationary jaw having a top edge having a top lug, a bottom edge having a bottom lug, and a pair of interconnecting sides. The top and bottom lugs are adapted to engage the top and bottom cross members. A transversely oriented securement mechanism is provided which engages one of the stationary jaw lugs and an adjacent one of the frame cross members. The securement mechanism is adapted to apply a progressively greater upward force to the stationary jaw, thereby firmly securing the stationary jaw to the frame.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, on a jaw crusher having a frame, a pair of jaw members, and a crushing chamber defined between the pair of jaw members, a device for securing one of the jaw members to the frame comprises a pair spaced apart cross members mounted to the frame and extending between opposing sides thereof, with the cross members being spaced apart by a first distance. The one jaw member includes a top edge having a top mounting lug and a bottom edge having a bottom mounting lug, with the top mounting lug and the bottom mounting lug being spaced apart by a second distance greater than the first distance to thereby define a gap between one of the mounting lugs and an adjacent one of the cross members. A draw rod having a pair of wedge members is provided and is disposed such that the wedge members are positioned in the gap so as to engage the one jaw mounting lug and the adjacent one frame cross member. An actuating member is mounted to the draw rod adjacent each of the wedge members, with each actuating member being adapted for inward movement along the draw rod to thereby apply an inward force on the adjacent wedge member. Accordingly, upon inward movement of the wedge members the stationary jaw is wedged tightly against the frame.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for securing a jaw member having top and bottom mounting lugs to the frame of a jaw crusher comprises the steps of providing a pair of frame members, one of the frame members having a pair of tapered outer ends, positioning each jaw member mounting lug generally adjacent to a corresponding one of the frame members, positioning a threaded jaw rod having a pair of inwardly moveable wedge members between the one frame member and its adjacent mounting lug, and drawing the wedge members inwardly to so that a force is applied to the jaw member, thereby drawing the jaw member into firm contact with the frame.
Double wedge key plates for a jaw crusher
A device for securing the stationary jaw to the frame of a jaw crusher according to the present invention provides better, more positive side-to-side securement of the stationary jaw to the crusher frame, thus increasing the efficiency and prolonging the service life of the crusher.
According to one aspect of the invention, a jaw crusher includes a frame having a generally vertical base extending between a pair of spaced apart side portions, with each of the side portions including an angled ledge spaced from the base. A generally planar stationary jaw is mounted to the base and extends between the frame side portions, with the stationary jaw having a top edge, a bottom edge, and interconnecting side edges. Each of the stationary jaw side edges includes a beveled lug extending along its length. A pair of generally wedge shaped key plates are provided, with each of the key plates being mountable to an adjacent frame side portion and including a beveled first edge adapted to engage an adjacent beveled side lug of the stationary jaw. Each of the key plates further includes a second edge adapted to engage an adjacent ledge of the frame side portion. Accordingly, in response to downward movement of the key plates the stationary jaw is pressed generally horizontally against the frame base with the engaging beveled surfaces of the key plates and the side lugs cooperating to prevent side-to-side movement of the stationary jaw.
In further accordance with a preferred embodiment, each key plate is adapted for connection to its adjacent frame side portion, such as by a plurality of bolts or fasteners. Moreover, the bevel on each side lug of the stationary jaw is angled to match the bevel on the first side edge of the adjacent key plate. Each key plate thus cooperates with its opposing key plate to apply a centering force to the stationary jaw, which centering force may be steplessly increased in response to downward movement of the key plates. Each key plate may be divided into a top portion and a bottom portion, with each top and bottom portion being independently mountable to its adjacent frame side portion.
According to another aspect of the invention, a jaw crusher includes a frame having a mounting base extending between a pair of spaced apart sidewalls, with each of the sidewalls including a ledge spaced from, and being angled relative to, the mounting base. A stationary jaw is mounted to the mounting base and extends between the frame sidewalls. The stationary jaw includes a top edge, a bottom edge, and interconnecting side edges, with a portion of each jaw side edge defining a beveled lug. A generally wedge shaped key plate is vertically and removably mounted to each of the frame sidewalls. Each key plate includes a beveled first edge adapted to engage an adjacent beveled side lug of the stationary jaw, and each key plate further includes a second edge adapted to engage an adjacent ledge of the frame sidewall. Each key plate is downwardly moveable to thereby force the jaw against the mounting base, with the beveled first edge of each key plate cooperating with its adjacent beveled side lug to thereby prevent side-to-side movement of the stationary jaw.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, a jaw crusher comprises a frame having a generally vertical mounting base extending between a pair of spaced apart sidewalls. Each of the sidewalls includes a ledge spaced from and angled relative to the mounting base. A stationary jaw is mounted to the mounting base and extends between the frame sidewalls, with the stationary jaw having a top edge, a bottom edge, and interconnecting side edges. A pair of generally wedge shaped key plates are provided, with each key plate being vertically and removably mounted to one of the frame sidewalls so as to engage one of the jaw side edges and an adjacent one of the sidewall ledges. Means, carried by cooperating and engaging portions of each key plate and each jaw side edge, are provided for applying a stepless and progressively greater centering force to the jaw in response to downward movement of the key plates.
According to a still further aspect of the invention, on a jaw crusher having a frame, a stationary jaw, and a pair of key plates adapted for vertically sliding engagement with opposing sidewalls of the frame for securing the stationary jaw to the frame, a method of applying a centering force to the stationary jaw comprises the steps of providing a beveled first edge on each of the key plates, providing a beveled side lug on opposing sides of the stationary jaw, sliding each key plate into engagement with the frame such that each beveled first edge engages an adjacent beveled side lug of the stationary jaw, and securing each key plate to its adjacent frame sidewall.
According to one aspect of the invention, a jaw crusher includes a frame having a generally vertical base extending between a pair of spaced apart side portions, with each of the side portions including an angled ledge spaced from the base. A generally planar stationary jaw is mounted to the base and extends between the frame side portions, with the stationary jaw having a top edge, a bottom edge, and interconnecting side edges. Each of the stationary jaw side edges includes a beveled lug extending along its length. A pair of generally wedge shaped key plates are provided, with each of the key plates being mountable to an adjacent frame side portion and including a beveled first edge adapted to engage an adjacent beveled side lug of the stationary jaw. Each of the key plates further includes a second edge adapted to engage an adjacent ledge of the frame side portion. Accordingly, in response to downward movement of the key plates the stationary jaw is pressed generally horizontally against the frame base with the engaging beveled surfaces of the key plates and the side lugs cooperating to prevent side-to-side movement of the stationary jaw.
In further accordance with a preferred embodiment, each key plate is adapted for connection to its adjacent frame side portion, such as by a plurality of bolts or fasteners. Moreover, the bevel on each side lug of the stationary jaw is angled to match the bevel on the first side edge of the adjacent key plate. Each key plate thus cooperates with its opposing key plate to apply a centering force to the stationary jaw, which centering force may be steplessly increased in response to downward movement of the key plates. Each key plate may be divided into a top portion and a bottom portion, with each top and bottom portion being independently mountable to its adjacent frame side portion.
According to another aspect of the invention, a jaw crusher includes a frame having a mounting base extending between a pair of spaced apart sidewalls, with each of the sidewalls including a ledge spaced from, and being angled relative to, the mounting base. A stationary jaw is mounted to the mounting base and extends between the frame sidewalls. The stationary jaw includes a top edge, a bottom edge, and interconnecting side edges, with a portion of each jaw side edge defining a beveled lug. A generally wedge shaped key plate is vertically and removably mounted to each of the frame sidewalls. Each key plate includes a beveled first edge adapted to engage an adjacent beveled side lug of the stationary jaw, and each key plate further includes a second edge adapted to engage an adjacent ledge of the frame sidewall. Each key plate is downwardly moveable to thereby force the jaw against the mounting base, with the beveled first edge of each key plate cooperating with its adjacent beveled side lug to thereby prevent side-to-side movement of the stationary jaw.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, a jaw crusher comprises a frame having a generally vertical mounting base extending between a pair of spaced apart sidewalls. Each of the sidewalls includes a ledge spaced from and angled relative to the mounting base. A stationary jaw is mounted to the mounting base and extends between the frame sidewalls, with the stationary jaw having a top edge, a bottom edge, and interconnecting side edges. A pair of generally wedge shaped key plates are provided, with each key plate being vertically and removably mounted to one of the frame sidewalls so as to engage one of the jaw side edges and an adjacent one of the sidewall ledges. Means, carried by cooperating and engaging portions of each key plate and each jaw side edge, are provided for applying a stepless and progressively greater centering force to the jaw in response to downward movement of the key plates.
According to a still further aspect of the invention, on a jaw crusher having a frame, a stationary jaw, and a pair of key plates adapted for vertically sliding engagement with opposing sidewalls of the frame for securing the stationary jaw to the frame, a method of applying a centering force to the stationary jaw comprises the steps of providing a beveled first edge on each of the key plates, providing a beveled side lug on opposing sides of the stationary jaw, sliding each key plate into engagement with the frame such that each beveled first edge engages an adjacent beveled side lug of the stationary jaw, and securing each key plate to its adjacent frame sidewall.
Jaw crusher and self-propelled crushing machine having the jaw crusher
In this jaw crusher, the lower side of the swing jaw is supported by a reaction force receiver mechanism including a toggle plate and a toggle block. A most widely used type of reaction force receiver mechanism is a down-thrust type in which thetoggle plate contacts the back of the swing jaw obliquely from upside toward downside. According to this down-thrust type, the swing jaw swings upward from downside when the swing jaw moves near to the fixed jaw.
If a reaction force receiver mechanism having a toggle plate is used, the toggle plate is merely clamped between the toggle block and the swing jaw. This kind of jaw crusher therefore is provided with a toggle plate holder mechanism, whichprevents release of the swing jaw from its engagement with the toggle plate while the swing jaw is swinging. The toggle plate holder mechanism has a tension rod whose one end is set on the swing jaw. The tension rod is positioned along the toggleplate. The other end of the tension rod is biased by a tension spring. The biasing force of the tension spring biases the swing jaw to the toggle block side, to clamp the toggle plate.
In the reaction force receiver mechanism of the down-thrust type, the swing jaw moves upward from downside near to the fixed jaw, pressing the fixed jaw. At this time, however, the angle at which the swing jaw moves near to the fixed jaw is sosmall that raw materials slip on the fixed jaw. This results in a problem that the fixed jaw is worn out in a short time. Hence, another reaction force receiver mechanism of a so-called up-thrust type is known, in which the swing jaw moves near to thefixed jaw when the swing jaw swings downward from upside. In a jaw crusher having this reaction force receiver mechanism, the angle at which the swing jaw moves near to the fixed jaw is so large that raw materials hardly slip between the jaws. Accordingly, the lifetime of the jaws can be extended.
However, in this up-thrust type, the toggle plate contacts the swing jaw obliquely upward from downside due to the structure of the reaction force receiver mechanism. Therefore, if the tension rod and tension spring are positioned along thetoggle plate in the above-described manner, ends of the rod and spring protrude into a discharge space below the jaw crusher. This results in a problem that the ends of the tension rod and tension spring interfere with crushed materials being dischargedby a discharge conveyer or the like.
In order to prevent the end of the tension rod from protruding in the discharge space, the overall height of the jaw crusher has to be increased. However, in the case that the jaw crusher is mounted on the self-propelled crushing machine, theheight thereof can not be increased unlimitedly due to a height limit for transportation purpose.
The present invention has as an object to provide a jaw crusher of an up-thrust type in which a toggle plate holder mechanism can be installed without increasing the overall height, and a self-propelled crushing machine having the jaw crusher.
A jaw crusher according to the present invention has: a fixed jaw; a swing jaw which swings relative to the fixed jaw; a reaction force receiver mechanism of an up-thrust type including a toggle plate having an end contacting the swing jaw, and atoggle plate support member which another end of the toggle plate contacts; and a toggle plate holder mechanism which holds the toggle plate between the swing jaw and the reaction force receiver mechanism, in which the toggle plate holder mechanismincludes a link.
In the jaw crusher constructed in the structure as described above, the toggle plate holder mechanism includes a link, and the structure can be arranged by changing freely the orientation of the link. Accordingly, the freedom of layout of thetoggle plate holder mechanism in its height direction is enhanced. As a result, even when a reaction force receiver mechanism of an up-thrust type is adopted, for example, ends of the tension rod and tension spring constituting a biasing portion do notprotrude into a discharge space from the frame, so crushed materials can be discharged without problems. In addition, the toggle plate holder mechanism can therefore be installed without changing the overall height. This is advantageous especially fora vehicle-mounted (self-propelled) jaw crusher whose height is restricted.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the reaction force receiver mechanism has an outlet clearance adjustment mechanism which moves the swing jaw near to and away from the fixed jaw through the toggle plate supportmember and the toggle plate, and the toggle plate holder mechanism has a biasing portion, which biases the swing jaw and the toggle plate support member to the toggle plate and is attached to the toggle plate support member.
In the jaw crusher constructed in the structure as described above, the outlet clearance between the fixed and swing jaws is adjusted as the swing jaw is moved near to or away from the fixed jaw through the toggle plate support member and thetoggle plate, by the outlet clearance adjustment mechanism. As a result, the size of crushed materials can be adjusted so that applicability of the jaw crusher is enhanced.
At this time, the biasing portion of the toggle plate holder mechanism is attached to the toggle plate support member. Therefore, as the toggle plate support member is moved by the outlet clearance adjustment mechanism, the biasing portion ofthe toggle plate holder mechanism moves accordingly. As a result, the bias applied from the biasing portion to the toggle plate is not changed substantially but is kept substantially constant regardless of the size of the outlet clearance. It is henceunnecessary to adjust the bias when the outlet clearance is adjusted. The operation of adjusting the outlet clearance is simplified.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the toggle plate holder mechanism includes a tension link having an end attached to the swing jaw, a tension lever supporting another end of the tension link, a tension rod havingan end attached to the tension lever, and a tension spring which biases the tension rod in an axial direction of the tension rod, and swing centers at both sides of the tension link are positioned near swing centers at both sides of the toggle plate.
In the jaw crusher constructed in the structure as described above, the tension link swings in accordance with the toggle plate when the swing jaw swings. At this time, the swing centers at both sides of the tension link are provided near theswing centers at both sides of the toggle plate. Therefore, the swing of the tension link is approximate to the swing of the toggle plate. That is, the tension link swings about the vicinity of the swing center on the side of the tension lever, and theposition of the link lever does not change substantially. Accordingly, the bias of the tension spring does not change substantially, and hence, the bias is stable while the swing jaw swings.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the toggle plate holder mechanism includes a tension link having an end attached to the swing jaw, a tension lever supporting another end of the tension link, a tension rod havingan end attached to the tension lever, and a tension spring which biases the tension rod in an axial direction of the tension rod, and swing centers at both sides of the tension link are located at the same positions as swing centers at both sides of thetoggle plate, when viewed in profile.
In the jaw crusher constructed in the structure as described above, the swing centers at both sides of the tension link are located at the same positions as the swing centers at both sides of the toggle plate, when viewed in profile. Therefore,the toggle plate and the tension link are always kept parallel to each other. While the swing jaw is swinging, the swing of the toggle plate and the swing of the tension link correspond to each other. That is, the tension link swings about the swingcenter of the toggle plate on the side of the tension lever, so that the position of the tension lever does not change at all. Accordingly, the bias of the tension spring does not change but the bias is constant while the swing jaw is swinging. As aresult, the crushing operation can be performed more stably.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the tension link has a shape having a concave, and a notch is formed, in the toggle plate, at respective positions corresponding to the swing centers at both sides of the tensionlink.
Conventionally, the toggle plate is provided throughout the overall width of the swing jaw. Therefore, interference with the toggle plate may be caused if the swing centers at both sides of the tension link are located near the swing centers ofthe toggle plate or at the same positions as the swing centers of the toggle plate, when viewed in profile. In contrast, in the jaw crasher according to the present invention, the tension link is formed in a shape having a concave, and a notch isformed, in the toggle plate, at respective positions corresponding to the swing centers at both sides of the tension link. Therefore, the tension link and the toggle plate do not interfere with each other, but the swing centers of the tension link canbe steadily located, with an easy structure, near the swing centers of the toggle plate or at the same positions as the swing centers of the toggle plate, when viewed in profile.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the toggle plate is divided into plural pieces, at a position where the tension link is provided.
Also in the jaw crusher constructed in this structure, the toggle plate is divided at the position where the tension link is provided. Therefore, the swing centers of the tension link do not interfere with the toggle plate but can be steadilylocated near the swing centers of the toggle plate or at the same positions as the swing centers of the toggle plate, when viewed in profile.
A self-propelled crushing machine according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-described jaw crusher according to the present invention is mounted on the machine.
On the self-propelled crushing machine constructed in the structure as described above, the jaw crusher as described above is mounted. Therefore, the effects described above can be attained, and the toggle plate holder mechanism is installedwithout increasing the overall height. This kind of jaw crusher is hence suitably mounted on, especially, a self-propelled crushing machine whose height is limited during transportation. Further, the overall height can be kept short, so that loadingability is improved and reductions in size and weight are promoted.
If a reaction force receiver mechanism having a toggle plate is used, the toggle plate is merely clamped between the toggle block and the swing jaw. This kind of jaw crusher therefore is provided with a toggle plate holder mechanism, whichprevents release of the swing jaw from its engagement with the toggle plate while the swing jaw is swinging. The toggle plate holder mechanism has a tension rod whose one end is set on the swing jaw. The tension rod is positioned along the toggleplate. The other end of the tension rod is biased by a tension spring. The biasing force of the tension spring biases the swing jaw to the toggle block side, to clamp the toggle plate.
In the reaction force receiver mechanism of the down-thrust type, the swing jaw moves upward from downside near to the fixed jaw, pressing the fixed jaw. At this time, however, the angle at which the swing jaw moves near to the fixed jaw is sosmall that raw materials slip on the fixed jaw. This results in a problem that the fixed jaw is worn out in a short time. Hence, another reaction force receiver mechanism of a so-called up-thrust type is known, in which the swing jaw moves near to thefixed jaw when the swing jaw swings downward from upside. In a jaw crusher having this reaction force receiver mechanism, the angle at which the swing jaw moves near to the fixed jaw is so large that raw materials hardly slip between the jaws. Accordingly, the lifetime of the jaws can be extended.
However, in this up-thrust type, the toggle plate contacts the swing jaw obliquely upward from downside due to the structure of the reaction force receiver mechanism. Therefore, if the tension rod and tension spring are positioned along thetoggle plate in the above-described manner, ends of the rod and spring protrude into a discharge space below the jaw crusher. This results in a problem that the ends of the tension rod and tension spring interfere with crushed materials being dischargedby a discharge conveyer or the like.
In order to prevent the end of the tension rod from protruding in the discharge space, the overall height of the jaw crusher has to be increased. However, in the case that the jaw crusher is mounted on the self-propelled crushing machine, theheight thereof can not be increased unlimitedly due to a height limit for transportation purpose.
The present invention has as an object to provide a jaw crusher of an up-thrust type in which a toggle plate holder mechanism can be installed without increasing the overall height, and a self-propelled crushing machine having the jaw crusher.
A jaw crusher according to the present invention has: a fixed jaw; a swing jaw which swings relative to the fixed jaw; a reaction force receiver mechanism of an up-thrust type including a toggle plate having an end contacting the swing jaw, and atoggle plate support member which another end of the toggle plate contacts; and a toggle plate holder mechanism which holds the toggle plate between the swing jaw and the reaction force receiver mechanism, in which the toggle plate holder mechanismincludes a link.
In the jaw crusher constructed in the structure as described above, the toggle plate holder mechanism includes a link, and the structure can be arranged by changing freely the orientation of the link. Accordingly, the freedom of layout of thetoggle plate holder mechanism in its height direction is enhanced. As a result, even when a reaction force receiver mechanism of an up-thrust type is adopted, for example, ends of the tension rod and tension spring constituting a biasing portion do notprotrude into a discharge space from the frame, so crushed materials can be discharged without problems. In addition, the toggle plate holder mechanism can therefore be installed without changing the overall height. This is advantageous especially fora vehicle-mounted (self-propelled) jaw crusher whose height is restricted.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the reaction force receiver mechanism has an outlet clearance adjustment mechanism which moves the swing jaw near to and away from the fixed jaw through the toggle plate supportmember and the toggle plate, and the toggle plate holder mechanism has a biasing portion, which biases the swing jaw and the toggle plate support member to the toggle plate and is attached to the toggle plate support member.
In the jaw crusher constructed in the structure as described above, the outlet clearance between the fixed and swing jaws is adjusted as the swing jaw is moved near to or away from the fixed jaw through the toggle plate support member and thetoggle plate, by the outlet clearance adjustment mechanism. As a result, the size of crushed materials can be adjusted so that applicability of the jaw crusher is enhanced.
At this time, the biasing portion of the toggle plate holder mechanism is attached to the toggle plate support member. Therefore, as the toggle plate support member is moved by the outlet clearance adjustment mechanism, the biasing portion ofthe toggle plate holder mechanism moves accordingly. As a result, the bias applied from the biasing portion to the toggle plate is not changed substantially but is kept substantially constant regardless of the size of the outlet clearance. It is henceunnecessary to adjust the bias when the outlet clearance is adjusted. The operation of adjusting the outlet clearance is simplified.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the toggle plate holder mechanism includes a tension link having an end attached to the swing jaw, a tension lever supporting another end of the tension link, a tension rod havingan end attached to the tension lever, and a tension spring which biases the tension rod in an axial direction of the tension rod, and swing centers at both sides of the tension link are positioned near swing centers at both sides of the toggle plate.
In the jaw crusher constructed in the structure as described above, the tension link swings in accordance with the toggle plate when the swing jaw swings. At this time, the swing centers at both sides of the tension link are provided near theswing centers at both sides of the toggle plate. Therefore, the swing of the tension link is approximate to the swing of the toggle plate. That is, the tension link swings about the vicinity of the swing center on the side of the tension lever, and theposition of the link lever does not change substantially. Accordingly, the bias of the tension spring does not change substantially, and hence, the bias is stable while the swing jaw swings.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the toggle plate holder mechanism includes a tension link having an end attached to the swing jaw, a tension lever supporting another end of the tension link, a tension rod havingan end attached to the tension lever, and a tension spring which biases the tension rod in an axial direction of the tension rod, and swing centers at both sides of the tension link are located at the same positions as swing centers at both sides of thetoggle plate, when viewed in profile.
In the jaw crusher constructed in the structure as described above, the swing centers at both sides of the tension link are located at the same positions as the swing centers at both sides of the toggle plate, when viewed in profile. Therefore,the toggle plate and the tension link are always kept parallel to each other. While the swing jaw is swinging, the swing of the toggle plate and the swing of the tension link correspond to each other. That is, the tension link swings about the swingcenter of the toggle plate on the side of the tension lever, so that the position of the tension lever does not change at all. Accordingly, the bias of the tension spring does not change but the bias is constant while the swing jaw is swinging. As aresult, the crushing operation can be performed more stably.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the tension link has a shape having a concave, and a notch is formed, in the toggle plate, at respective positions corresponding to the swing centers at both sides of the tensionlink.
Conventionally, the toggle plate is provided throughout the overall width of the swing jaw. Therefore, interference with the toggle plate may be caused if the swing centers at both sides of the tension link are located near the swing centers ofthe toggle plate or at the same positions as the swing centers of the toggle plate, when viewed in profile. In contrast, in the jaw crasher according to the present invention, the tension link is formed in a shape having a concave, and a notch isformed, in the toggle plate, at respective positions corresponding to the swing centers at both sides of the tension link. Therefore, the tension link and the toggle plate do not interfere with each other, but the swing centers of the tension link canbe steadily located, with an easy structure, near the swing centers of the toggle plate or at the same positions as the swing centers of the toggle plate, when viewed in profile.
Desirably in the jaw crusher according to the present invention, the toggle plate is divided into plural pieces, at a position where the tension link is provided.
Also in the jaw crusher constructed in this structure, the toggle plate is divided at the position where the tension link is provided. Therefore, the swing centers of the tension link do not interfere with the toggle plate but can be steadilylocated near the swing centers of the toggle plate or at the same positions as the swing centers of the toggle plate, when viewed in profile.
A self-propelled crushing machine according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-described jaw crusher according to the present invention is mounted on the machine.
On the self-propelled crushing machine constructed in the structure as described above, the jaw crusher as described above is mounted. Therefore, the effects described above can be attained, and the toggle plate holder mechanism is installedwithout increasing the overall height. This kind of jaw crusher is hence suitably mounted on, especially, a self-propelled crushing machine whose height is limited during transportation. Further, the overall height can be kept short, so that loadingability is improved and reductions in size and weight are promoted.
Jaw crusher and self-traveling crusher
Conventionally, a jaw crusher that crushes raw materials by swinging a swing jaw with respect to a fixed jaw is known. The fixed jaw and the swing jaw are supported by a crusher frame. Raw materials are thrown into a region surrounded by thefixed jaw, the swing jaw and the crusher frame, and then the swing jaw swings to crush the raw materials between the fixed jaw and the swing jaw.
Such a jaw crusher is arranged to receive reaction force from crushing of raw materials with a reaction force-receiving link mechanism. The reaction force-receiving mechanism substantially includes, for example, a link plate whose first end isengaged to a rear surface of the swing jaw, a toggle link that supports a second end of the link plate and rotates about a fixed link pin, and a lock cylinder whose lower end is connected to the toggle link (e.g., see Patent Document 1).
In the reaction force-receiving link mechanism, a rotational axis of the toggle link is a dual type toggle link pin, a pair of which are serially disposed along the width direction of the jaw crusher. An outer (first) end of each toggle link pinis supported by a side wall plate constituting a side surface of a crusher frame, and an inner (second) end is supported by a plate-shaped bracket standing on a cross member which connects the side wall plates on both sides. Since the first end of eachtoggle link pin is supported by the side wall plate, the toggle link pin can be pulled out from the side wall plate to the exterior, thereby facilitating maintenance.
Taking maintenanceability into consideration, the outer end of the toggle link pin is supported by the side wall plate, which happens to be provided with high strength as a portion of the crusher frame, so that the end can be supported withadvantageous strength.
However, though a support structure can rigidly support the first end of the toggle link pin, since the inner second end is supported only by the plate-shaped bracket, the outer side and the inner side are not well-balanced with respect tostrength, thereby requiring a thicker bracket for compensation, which is unsuitable for a compact jaw crusher that requires weight reduction.
An object of the present invention is to provide a jaw crusher which can keep maintenanceability by facilitating attachment and detachment of the toggle link pin and can support, in good balance, the outer side and inner side of the toggle linkpin and a self-propelled crushing machine having such a jaw crusher.
A jaw crusher according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a crusher frame that includes a pair of side wall plates and a rear wall plate and a cross member that connect the pair of the side wall plates; a fixed jaw attached to therear wall plate; a swing jaw swingably hung between the side wall plates; and a reaction force-receiving link mechanism that includes: (i) a pair of toggle link pins having a first end pivoted on the side wall plate and a second end pivoted on a mainsupporter provided to the cross member, the pair of the toggle link pins being coaxial y disposed, (ii) and (ii) a toggle link rotatably supported by the toggle link pins, in which the cross member on which the second end of the toggle link pin ispivoted is box-shaped.
In the above arrangement, it is preferable that the reaction force-receiving link mechanism includes a pair of lock cylinders whose pistons have a distal end that is rotatably coupled to the toggle link by way of a coupling shaft, the mainsupporter is provided to a side of the cross member adjacent to the swing jaw, and supporting portions that support cylinder bodies of the pair of the lock cylinders are provided to a side of the cross member opposite to the side to which the mainsupporter is provided.
In the above arrangement, it is preferable that the reaction force-receiving link mechanism includes a link plate having an end engaged to a rear portion of the swing jaw, and that a biasing mechanism that biases the link plate in a predetermineddirection is provided to an outer side of the toggle link.
In the above arrangement, it is preferable that the reaction force-receiving link mechanism includes a pair of arms that supports the other end of the link plate and is rotatably supported by the pair of the toggle link pins, in which a couplingcenter of the lock cylinder relative to the coupling shaft is displaced axially inward with respect to a support center of the arm relative to the toggle link pin, and the biasing mechanism is disposed in a space created by the displacement between theside wall plates and the toggle link.
According to the aspect of the present invention as mentioned above, the outer end of the pair of the toggle link pins that support the toggle link is securely pivoted on the side plate, and the inner end is also securely pivoted not on aconventional plate-like bracket of a cross member but on the highly rigid, box-shaped main supporter integrally provided to the cross member, so that both ends of the toggle link pin can be supported well-balanced in strength without additionalreinforcement, thereby enabling weight reduction. Obviously, since the outer end of each of the toggle link pins is supported by the side wall plate, the toggle link pin can be pulled out from the side wall to the exterior by removing the toggle linkpin from the side wall plate, thereby still allowing easy maintenance.
According to the aspect of the present invention, as described above, since the cross member is formed box-shaped and high in rigidity, the cross member can serve as a supporting portion for the lock cylinders, so that there is no need foradditional components to support the lock cylinders, thereby reducing the number of components constituting the jaw crusher.
According to the aspect of the present invention, since the biasing mechanisms are provided to the outer sides of the toggle link, the biasing mechanisms can be adjusted from the exterior of the jaw crusher, thereby facilitating adjustment.
According to the aspect of the present invention, the coupling center of the lock cylinder at the coupling shaft and the support center of the toggle link pin on the toggle link are misaligned to provide a space to dispose the biasing mechanism,so that the biasing mechanisms can be efficiently disposed to both sides of the toggle link, thereby providing secure support to the link plate.
According to the aspect of the present invention, functions and effects similar to the above-mentioned aspects of the invention can be obtained by installation of the jaw crusher according to the above-mentioned aspects of the present invention.
Such a jaw crusher is arranged to receive reaction force from crushing of raw materials with a reaction force-receiving link mechanism. The reaction force-receiving mechanism substantially includes, for example, a link plate whose first end isengaged to a rear surface of the swing jaw, a toggle link that supports a second end of the link plate and rotates about a fixed link pin, and a lock cylinder whose lower end is connected to the toggle link (e.g., see Patent Document 1).
In the reaction force-receiving link mechanism, a rotational axis of the toggle link is a dual type toggle link pin, a pair of which are serially disposed along the width direction of the jaw crusher. An outer (first) end of each toggle link pinis supported by a side wall plate constituting a side surface of a crusher frame, and an inner (second) end is supported by a plate-shaped bracket standing on a cross member which connects the side wall plates on both sides. Since the first end of eachtoggle link pin is supported by the side wall plate, the toggle link pin can be pulled out from the side wall plate to the exterior, thereby facilitating maintenance.
Taking maintenanceability into consideration, the outer end of the toggle link pin is supported by the side wall plate, which happens to be provided with high strength as a portion of the crusher frame, so that the end can be supported withadvantageous strength.
However, though a support structure can rigidly support the first end of the toggle link pin, since the inner second end is supported only by the plate-shaped bracket, the outer side and the inner side are not well-balanced with respect tostrength, thereby requiring a thicker bracket for compensation, which is unsuitable for a compact jaw crusher that requires weight reduction.
An object of the present invention is to provide a jaw crusher which can keep maintenanceability by facilitating attachment and detachment of the toggle link pin and can support, in good balance, the outer side and inner side of the toggle linkpin and a self-propelled crushing machine having such a jaw crusher.
A jaw crusher according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a crusher frame that includes a pair of side wall plates and a rear wall plate and a cross member that connect the pair of the side wall plates; a fixed jaw attached to therear wall plate; a swing jaw swingably hung between the side wall plates; and a reaction force-receiving link mechanism that includes: (i) a pair of toggle link pins having a first end pivoted on the side wall plate and a second end pivoted on a mainsupporter provided to the cross member, the pair of the toggle link pins being coaxial y disposed, (ii) and (ii) a toggle link rotatably supported by the toggle link pins, in which the cross member on which the second end of the toggle link pin ispivoted is box-shaped.
In the above arrangement, it is preferable that the reaction force-receiving link mechanism includes a pair of lock cylinders whose pistons have a distal end that is rotatably coupled to the toggle link by way of a coupling shaft, the mainsupporter is provided to a side of the cross member adjacent to the swing jaw, and supporting portions that support cylinder bodies of the pair of the lock cylinders are provided to a side of the cross member opposite to the side to which the mainsupporter is provided.
In the above arrangement, it is preferable that the reaction force-receiving link mechanism includes a link plate having an end engaged to a rear portion of the swing jaw, and that a biasing mechanism that biases the link plate in a predetermineddirection is provided to an outer side of the toggle link.
In the above arrangement, it is preferable that the reaction force-receiving link mechanism includes a pair of arms that supports the other end of the link plate and is rotatably supported by the pair of the toggle link pins, in which a couplingcenter of the lock cylinder relative to the coupling shaft is displaced axially inward with respect to a support center of the arm relative to the toggle link pin, and the biasing mechanism is disposed in a space created by the displacement between theside wall plates and the toggle link.
According to the aspect of the present invention as mentioned above, the outer end of the pair of the toggle link pins that support the toggle link is securely pivoted on the side plate, and the inner end is also securely pivoted not on aconventional plate-like bracket of a cross member but on the highly rigid, box-shaped main supporter integrally provided to the cross member, so that both ends of the toggle link pin can be supported well-balanced in strength without additionalreinforcement, thereby enabling weight reduction. Obviously, since the outer end of each of the toggle link pins is supported by the side wall plate, the toggle link pin can be pulled out from the side wall to the exterior by removing the toggle linkpin from the side wall plate, thereby still allowing easy maintenance.
According to the aspect of the present invention, as described above, since the cross member is formed box-shaped and high in rigidity, the cross member can serve as a supporting portion for the lock cylinders, so that there is no need foradditional components to support the lock cylinders, thereby reducing the number of components constituting the jaw crusher.
According to the aspect of the present invention, since the biasing mechanisms are provided to the outer sides of the toggle link, the biasing mechanisms can be adjusted from the exterior of the jaw crusher, thereby facilitating adjustment.
According to the aspect of the present invention, the coupling center of the lock cylinder at the coupling shaft and the support center of the toggle link pin on the toggle link are misaligned to provide a space to dispose the biasing mechanism,so that the biasing mechanisms can be efficiently disposed to both sides of the toggle link, thereby providing secure support to the link plate.
According to the aspect of the present invention, functions and effects similar to the above-mentioned aspects of the invention can be obtained by installation of the jaw crusher according to the above-mentioned aspects of the present invention.
Mobile Screening Services Aid Corporate Wellness Costs
If an illness is detected in its early stage, it can either be prevented or cured quickly. Most people do not go a health professional for minor pains and aches, despite having insurance, because the co-payments are too expensive. The concept of mobile screening services has come up in recent times to assist in Corporate Wellness Costs.
Mobile screenings act as preventive screenings to aid Corporate Wellness Costs by detecting any potential life-threatening disease or health condition that a person might be facing currently. Mobile screenings can aid corporate wellness through an early detection that can provide many financial and health benefits, once the employees and the health professional learns about the kind of disease or condition one is going through.
Mobile screenings detect the occurrence of any potential severe health condition such as heart attack, stroke, osteoporosis, artery disease, and any other life-threatening disease. A health risk means that the employee is on a road to a financial as well as a medical disaster. All lifetime savings would be crippled by the enormous medical bills and the required care facilities. There would be a huge burden on the families of the diseased employee as it would affect the emotional and financial fabric of the household.
As the name suggests, mobile screenings are mobile in nature. The team of mobile screening comprises of highly skilled professionals who travel right to the screening site carrying all the required equipments with them. Their location keeps changing and the screening process are on the move always. They head to new locations to help in ensuring better health facilities for many people. Some of the venues of mobile screenings include places where a community gets together such as a local government building, church, and gym. The screening takes place for week-to-week or day to day. This facilitates an employee as one does not need to travel long distance to get the screenings done on a regular basis.
Mobile screenings aiding Corporate Wellness Costs do not require the employee to be stuck with the MRI or CAT screenings and scans and waiting endlessly for the reports. The concept uses various techniques and equipments that make the whole screening painless and the employee does not worry about spending his time in a tight situation surrounded by various scans and screenings.
Employees have in mind that health screenings are long process, and would require them to spend hours going through them. These screenings just take about 45 minutes to one hour and an employee can then go on with his day. Results are provided usually within four working days.
One of the most admired features of mobile screenings are that the reports for these screenings are provided in a terminology, which the employees could understand. These reports do not use high profile medical terminology to confuse and scare the employees. These reports can be evaluated by medical doctors and any possibility of disease can be checked and the required treatment can be started as soon as possible.
Mobile screening is a breakthrough in medical history as they facilitate cutting down on Corporate Wellness Costs by affordable detection of any disease and can prevent any life-threatening, painful and costly conditions in the near future for the employees.
Mobile screenings act as preventive screenings to aid Corporate Wellness Costs by detecting any potential life-threatening disease or health condition that a person might be facing currently. Mobile screenings can aid corporate wellness through an early detection that can provide many financial and health benefits, once the employees and the health professional learns about the kind of disease or condition one is going through.
Mobile screenings detect the occurrence of any potential severe health condition such as heart attack, stroke, osteoporosis, artery disease, and any other life-threatening disease. A health risk means that the employee is on a road to a financial as well as a medical disaster. All lifetime savings would be crippled by the enormous medical bills and the required care facilities. There would be a huge burden on the families of the diseased employee as it would affect the emotional and financial fabric of the household.
As the name suggests, mobile screenings are mobile in nature. The team of mobile screening comprises of highly skilled professionals who travel right to the screening site carrying all the required equipments with them. Their location keeps changing and the screening process are on the move always. They head to new locations to help in ensuring better health facilities for many people. Some of the venues of mobile screenings include places where a community gets together such as a local government building, church, and gym. The screening takes place for week-to-week or day to day. This facilitates an employee as one does not need to travel long distance to get the screenings done on a regular basis.
Mobile screenings aiding Corporate Wellness Costs do not require the employee to be stuck with the MRI or CAT screenings and scans and waiting endlessly for the reports. The concept uses various techniques and equipments that make the whole screening painless and the employee does not worry about spending his time in a tight situation surrounded by various scans and screenings.
Employees have in mind that health screenings are long process, and would require them to spend hours going through them. These screenings just take about 45 minutes to one hour and an employee can then go on with his day. Results are provided usually within four working days.
One of the most admired features of mobile screenings are that the reports for these screenings are provided in a terminology, which the employees could understand. These reports do not use high profile medical terminology to confuse and scare the employees. These reports can be evaluated by medical doctors and any possibility of disease can be checked and the required treatment can be started as soon as possible.
Mobile screening is a breakthrough in medical history as they facilitate cutting down on Corporate Wellness Costs by affordable detection of any disease and can prevent any life-threatening, painful and costly conditions in the near future for the employees.
Benefits of Used Grinding Equipment
After mining ore has been sufficiently crushed by use of a jaw crusher, gyratory crusher or impact crusher the next step is to grind that material down to even finer powders and particles for processing. There are several types of used grinding equipment that can be utilized to perform this task including ball mills, rod mills, sag mills and hammer mills. Each type of grinding press has its advantages depending on the mining ore being used.
Ball mills are cylindrical devices that rotate around a horizontal axis and are partially filled with the material too be ground and the grinding medium. Often ball grinding medium consist of ceramic balls, flint pebbles and stainless steel balls. Ball mills operate via an internal cascading motion where the grinding balls and the ore grind together to reduce the material to a fine powder. Industrial ball mills can operate continuously, being fed at one end with the ore and discharging the fine powder at the other end.
Rod mills are quite similar to ball mills but use long steel rods instead of small balls for the grinding media. Steel rods grind the ore by tumbling within the mill and the rods tumble and spin in roughly parallel alignments simulating a series of roll crushers. Since a rod mill doesn't cascade it can be operated at a lower peripheral speed than a ball mill and since there is less void space in a rod mill than a ball mill there is usually more grinding contact between metal and ore.
A SAG mill (Semi-autogenous grinding) utilizes steel balls and large rocks for grinding. In a sag mill a rotating drum acts to throw the large rocks and steel balls in a cataracting motion which causes impact breakage of the large rocks and compressive grinding of fine particles. Characterized by a large diameter and short length sag mills are primarily used for grinding gold, platinum, copper, lead, zinc and silver.
Hammer mills, unlike ball and rod mills, act to shred mining ore rather than grind it. A hammer mill consists of a steel drum with a vertical or horizontal rotating shaft on which hammers are mounted. The hammers will swing freely from a fixed point on the central rotor and when material is fed into the mill the rotor is spun at a high speed so the hammers can shred the ore material that is then expelled through screens in the drum.
Ball mills are cylindrical devices that rotate around a horizontal axis and are partially filled with the material too be ground and the grinding medium. Often ball grinding medium consist of ceramic balls, flint pebbles and stainless steel balls. Ball mills operate via an internal cascading motion where the grinding balls and the ore grind together to reduce the material to a fine powder. Industrial ball mills can operate continuously, being fed at one end with the ore and discharging the fine powder at the other end.
Rod mills are quite similar to ball mills but use long steel rods instead of small balls for the grinding media. Steel rods grind the ore by tumbling within the mill and the rods tumble and spin in roughly parallel alignments simulating a series of roll crushers. Since a rod mill doesn't cascade it can be operated at a lower peripheral speed than a ball mill and since there is less void space in a rod mill than a ball mill there is usually more grinding contact between metal and ore.
A SAG mill (Semi-autogenous grinding) utilizes steel balls and large rocks for grinding. In a sag mill a rotating drum acts to throw the large rocks and steel balls in a cataracting motion which causes impact breakage of the large rocks and compressive grinding of fine particles. Characterized by a large diameter and short length sag mills are primarily used for grinding gold, platinum, copper, lead, zinc and silver.
Hammer mills, unlike ball and rod mills, act to shred mining ore rather than grind it. A hammer mill consists of a steel drum with a vertical or horizontal rotating shaft on which hammers are mounted. The hammers will swing freely from a fixed point on the central rotor and when material is fed into the mill the rotor is spun at a high speed so the hammers can shred the ore material that is then expelled through screens in the drum.
5 Pieces of Equipment Needed For Aggregate Crushing
Aggregates are made up of several different kinds of materials. The word "aggregate" itself means a compilation of different things - in this case, stone, gravel, crushed stone, sand, and slag. Those materials often begin as something bigger-larger stones or layers of compressed sediment - and it takes some work by some heavy duty machines to make them into usable aggregate. Once they've been crushed into smaller pieces through aggregate crushing, they can then be used for roads, buildings, railroad beds, or other construction purposes.
So what does it take to accomplish that kind of aggregate crushing? What kind of equipment is up to that task?
Vibrating conveyor belt. These conveyor belts are often extremely long, and help carry the aggregate destined for crushing to the various crushers that will be used. Raw material such as large pieces of rock are mined, put into dump trucks, and then poured slowly and carefully onto these vibrating conveyor belts. They vibrate as they go in order to cull out smaller pieces and to keep too many large pieces from falling into the crushers at once.
Jaw crusher. A jaw crusher is usually the first step in aggregate crushing. It is comprised of a vertical plate and an angled plate. As the vibrating conveyor belt pours large pieces of rock into the jaw crusher, the angled plate crushes it against the stationary vertical plate. It then goes down a "throat" at the bottom, crushed into smaller pieces.
Vibrating screen. A vibrating screen has several layers of filters. After the aggregate crushing, the aggregate is poured into these vibrating screens, where the filters sort the rocks into several different sizes. The finer the aggregate is, the more it gets filtered. The quarry or facility can then parcel out these different sizes of materials produced by aggregate crushing and send them to the appropriate customers.
Dump trucks. Over 90% of all aggregate is moved by dump trucks. After it's dug out of the ground and compressed, cut, or blown into the correct size and shape, crushed aggregate is transported to the worksite where the final product will be used in a construction project. Most aggregate is used within 40 miles of where it's produced, but it's becoming more and more common for materials to be transported increasingly longer distances.
Impact crusher. Another vibrating conveyor belt then takes the crushed aggregate to a second crusher. Though the stones are smaller, they aren't as small as they will need to be for use in construction. The impact crusher utilizes a system of wheels that fling rocks against hard plate, where they are split and broken on impact.
There are, of course, more pieces of equipment needed for aggregate crushing, and some equipment may vary depending on the materials being crushed, but these machines are the major elements that a quarry or other facility will need for this enterprise.
So what does it take to accomplish that kind of aggregate crushing? What kind of equipment is up to that task?
Vibrating conveyor belt. These conveyor belts are often extremely long, and help carry the aggregate destined for crushing to the various crushers that will be used. Raw material such as large pieces of rock are mined, put into dump trucks, and then poured slowly and carefully onto these vibrating conveyor belts. They vibrate as they go in order to cull out smaller pieces and to keep too many large pieces from falling into the crushers at once.
Jaw crusher. A jaw crusher is usually the first step in aggregate crushing. It is comprised of a vertical plate and an angled plate. As the vibrating conveyor belt pours large pieces of rock into the jaw crusher, the angled plate crushes it against the stationary vertical plate. It then goes down a "throat" at the bottom, crushed into smaller pieces.
Vibrating screen. A vibrating screen has several layers of filters. After the aggregate crushing, the aggregate is poured into these vibrating screens, where the filters sort the rocks into several different sizes. The finer the aggregate is, the more it gets filtered. The quarry or facility can then parcel out these different sizes of materials produced by aggregate crushing and send them to the appropriate customers.
Dump trucks. Over 90% of all aggregate is moved by dump trucks. After it's dug out of the ground and compressed, cut, or blown into the correct size and shape, crushed aggregate is transported to the worksite where the final product will be used in a construction project. Most aggregate is used within 40 miles of where it's produced, but it's becoming more and more common for materials to be transported increasingly longer distances.
Impact crusher. Another vibrating conveyor belt then takes the crushed aggregate to a second crusher. Though the stones are smaller, they aren't as small as they will need to be for use in construction. The impact crusher utilizes a system of wheels that fling rocks against hard plate, where they are split and broken on impact.
There are, of course, more pieces of equipment needed for aggregate crushing, and some equipment may vary depending on the materials being crushed, but these machines are the major elements that a quarry or other facility will need for this enterprise.
What Equipment Do I Need For Aggregate Crushing
Crushed aggregate is a combination of stone, gravel, sand, and slag, used in the construction of homes, infrastructure, businesses, and roads. Crushed aggregate is made from natural raw materials and making it involves the use of several heavy machines. Once the process is finished, the result is crushed aggregate, a material the construction industry can't do without.
The Jaw Crusher
Large rocks are mined from gravel pits or quarries and transported to the surface, where they are usually placed in dump trucks. Once on top, the rocks are sifted for smaller pieces and debris with the aid of a powerful vibrating conveyor belt. The conveyor belt transports the materials to the jaw crusher, which is really the first step in aggregate crushing. The jaw crusher is made of two plates, rather like a human mouth. It crushes the rock between the two plates and then "swallows" it, pouring it out onto another conveyor belt, which takes it to an impact crusher.
The Impact Crusher
An impact crusher flings the rocks against hard plates, causing them to split and break into much smaller pieces. They're then put on a vibrating screen, which acts as a large filter through which the crushed aggregate is sorted by size. The finer the aggregate needed, the more it gets filtered; this allows quarries to sell different types of crushed aggregate to customers, based on the project at hand.
Dump Trucks
Crushed aggregate is then transported to the work site by dump trucks. Most crushed aggregate is produced within forty miles of where it's used, though longer distances are not unheard of, and about ninety percent of it is transported by dump trucks.
Other Machines
Of course, there are many other machines involved in aggregate crushing. The hydraulic cone crusher is good for crushing rocks into medium, fine, or super-fine grade aggregate, and can be adjusted according to what the customer needs. A spring cone crusher is used for rocks of medium-to-hard hardness levels, and has a variable-sized crushing chamber. A sand-maker crushes rock, including metal ores, into extremely fine aggregates, while a drying hammer crusher is a floor-to-ceiling machine that specializes in soft or moist raw materials. Finally, a ring hammer crusher specializes in both moist and dry aggregates, and pounds them down to size with a series of hammers.
Aggregate crushing is a long, laborious process, involving a number of stages and several pieces of heavy machinery. Regardless, crushed aggregate is a necessary component of almost any construction project.
The Jaw Crusher
Large rocks are mined from gravel pits or quarries and transported to the surface, where they are usually placed in dump trucks. Once on top, the rocks are sifted for smaller pieces and debris with the aid of a powerful vibrating conveyor belt. The conveyor belt transports the materials to the jaw crusher, which is really the first step in aggregate crushing. The jaw crusher is made of two plates, rather like a human mouth. It crushes the rock between the two plates and then "swallows" it, pouring it out onto another conveyor belt, which takes it to an impact crusher.
The Impact Crusher
An impact crusher flings the rocks against hard plates, causing them to split and break into much smaller pieces. They're then put on a vibrating screen, which acts as a large filter through which the crushed aggregate is sorted by size. The finer the aggregate needed, the more it gets filtered; this allows quarries to sell different types of crushed aggregate to customers, based on the project at hand.
Dump Trucks
Crushed aggregate is then transported to the work site by dump trucks. Most crushed aggregate is produced within forty miles of where it's used, though longer distances are not unheard of, and about ninety percent of it is transported by dump trucks.
Other Machines
Of course, there are many other machines involved in aggregate crushing. The hydraulic cone crusher is good for crushing rocks into medium, fine, or super-fine grade aggregate, and can be adjusted according to what the customer needs. A spring cone crusher is used for rocks of medium-to-hard hardness levels, and has a variable-sized crushing chamber. A sand-maker crushes rock, including metal ores, into extremely fine aggregates, while a drying hammer crusher is a floor-to-ceiling machine that specializes in soft or moist raw materials. Finally, a ring hammer crusher specializes in both moist and dry aggregates, and pounds them down to size with a series of hammers.
Aggregate crushing is a long, laborious process, involving a number of stages and several pieces of heavy machinery. Regardless, crushed aggregate is a necessary component of almost any construction project.
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